Margarine ndi mankhwala omwe amapangidwa chifukwa cha madzi, mafuta a masamba ndi osowa zakudya. Margarine amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika.
Nthawi zina margarine amagwiritsidwa ntchito mmalo mwa batala, koma izi siziyenera kuchitika. Katunduyu wapangidwa kuchokera ku mafuta osiyanasiyana: zinyama ndi zoyengedwa, kuphatikizapo hydrogenated. Kuti chida ichi chikhale ndi makhalidwe ake, kukoma kwa zinthu monga whey, mkaka ufa, shuga, mchere, komanso zakudya zina ndi zokometsera zinawonjezeredwa.
Chomwe chimapanga margarine - cholembedwa
Chofunika kwambiri pakupanga mankhwalawa ndi chisakanizo cha mafuta ndi masamba. Kawirikawiri, mafuta a nyama amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta a nyulu. Zomera za masamba a margarine zimaphatikizapo thonje, mpendadzuwa ndi mafuta a soya . Mafutawa amaikidwa ku hydrogenation, ndiko kuti, kuwasamutsa kuchoka kumtunda wa madzi kupita ku boma lolimba. Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ozunguza mafuta, tipezerani fungo lokoma ndi zokometsera za mankhwala, zomwe zimakhala zonunkhira mafuta a zinyama ndi zina za masamba.
Malingana ndi chikhalidwe cha boma, margarine angakhale yogulitsa mafakitale, tebulo ndi sangweji.
Dongosolo la margarine
Malingana ndi ma margarine, njira zake zothandizira, kulawa ndi cholinga chophikira, margarine ndi khitchini ndi tebulo. Komanso, margarine amagawidwa mu nyama zopanda madzi, mkaka, mkaka ndi mkaka. Kupatukana uku kumachitika malinga ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chakudya.
Mafuta a margarine ndi apamwamba, oyambirira ndi achiwiri. Ndiponso, ndi mafuta. Ma margarine olemera kwambiri ali ndi 80-82%, mafuta ochepa - mpaka margarine 72% ndi otsika mafuta - kuyambira 40 mpaka 60%. Kwa margarine otsika-calorie imaphatikizansopo halvarin ndi kufalitsa-kufalitsa.
Maonekedwe a khungu la margarine
Mafuta a lean margarine amaphatikiza mafuta ndi madzi. Margarine pa kusala akuonedwa ngati mkaka wopanda mkaka wa mkaka. Pa margarine iyi imayimilira "Mu post". Mkaka, mkaka wa tebulo ndi margarine mkaka wa mkaka wa mkaka mu kusala sizimatha.
Zosakaniza za margarine wokoma
Margarine wotere amapezeka ndi emulsification, kutanthauza kusakaniza masamba a mafuta ndi mafuta, kusinthidwa kuchoka ku madzi kuti ukhale wolimba ndi mkaka wofukiza, wosakanizidwa komanso ndi kuwonjezera pa mafuta 25%.
Mapangidwe a ma margarine a mkaka ndi margarine ya tebulo
Mosiyana ndi margarine wobiriwira, tebulo la mkaka liribe mafuta.
Mkaka wa tebulo wa margarine uli ndi 25% ya hydrogenated whale mafuta. Mafutawa ndi osiyana ndi mafuta ena a zinyama ndi mafuta a masamba omwe amadzipiritsa bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chokonzekera zamadzimadzi ndi kuyeretsa, mafutawa amamasulidwa kuchokera kununkhiza ndi kulawa.
Margarine yapamwamba yapamwamba imakhala ndi mgwirizano wofanana, wandiweyani ndi wa pulasitiki. Sayenera kukhala ndi kukoma kwakunja ndi kununkhiza.
Zosakaniza za margarini ya khitchini
Zophikira kuphika margarine ndi mafuta ndi zamasamba. Pokonzekera, mafuta onse ayamba kusungunuka, kenaka amasakaniza muyezo wosiyana, malinga ndi chophimbacho. Malinga ndi zipangizo zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito, margarine akhoza kukhala masamba ndi kuphatikiza.
Ku khitchini ya ndiwo zamasamba mafuta a masamba ndi hydrofat. Zomalizazi zimakonzedwa pamaziko a masamba oyeretsedwa mafuta, omwe amasandulika kukhala olimba ndi hydrogenation. Ponena za mafuta a masamba, zimaphatikizapo 20 peresenti ya mafuta osungirako masamba ndi 80% ya mafuta a masamba.