Kukhazikitsidwa pakati pa anthu ndi chimodzi mwa zosowa za m'maganizo za munthu. Umunthu, kugwera kuchokera pakati pa anthu, umatchedwa marginal, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti munthu woteroyo ndi wosauka ndipo amatsogolera moyo wowonongeka. Podziwa amene ali ndi malire, ndizotheka kuwapeza mwadzidzidzi pakati pa anzawo.
Kodi ndondomeko yam'mbali ndi yani?
Malinga ndi dikishonale yamafotokozedwe ofufuza za anthu, munthu wamtunda ndi munthu yemwe ali m'malire a malire pakati pa magulu awiri kapena kuposa, magulu, ndi zikhalidwe. Kodi zikutanthawuza chiyani, gawo laling'ono ndi nkhani yosagwirizana ndi anthu, koma sizinapambane, zonyansa kapena zowonongeka. Amakhulupirira kuti oyamba oyambirira anawamasulidwa kuukapolo, anthu omwe adachoka ku malo omwe adziwa, koma sangakhale odzaza anthu onse.
Ngati anthu osagwirizana ndi anthu sagwira ntchito zothandiza anthu, ndiye kuti pangani mavuto osiyanasiyana. Zizindikiro zimatha kulowa m'magulu ndikupanga ziwawa. M'mayiko a ku Ulaya, chodabwitsa ichi nthawi zambiri ndi kupanduka kwa anthu othawa kwawo. Anthu awa, omwe analandiridwa kudziko lachilendo, amapereka nyumba ndi chakudya, angabweretse mavuto ambiri kwa anthu omwe amatsatira malamulo. Zina mwazing'ono zopanda phindu, monga chitsanzo, mungathe kubweretsa nthumwi za anthu amitundu yochepa, mafashoni oyendetsa mafashoni, ndi zina zotero.
Mkhalidwe wa "m'mphepete mwa nyanja" ukhoza kuuzidwa kwa munthu ndi gulu kapena kutengedwa ndi munthu payekha. "Kutulutsa" ndi "kulemba" kwa anthu omwe sali ovomerezeka kumatha kugwira ntchito limodzi, kuchipatala, kusukulu. Zing'onozing'ono - dziko, zachiwerewere, ndi zina zotero, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi vutoli. Uku ndi kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu. Munthuyo akhoza kuzindikira zosiyana zake mwiniwake. Pankhaniyi, ayenera kusankha - "kubwerera ku chikhalidwe" kapena kukhala ndi "gawo".
Ndi ndani omwe ali osakanikirana ndi apepala?
Mawu oti "Lumpen" adayambitsidwa ndi K. Marx, adatchula gululi, anthu opemphapempha, achifwamba. Malingaliro a azimayi amatawuni, amphawi ndi amphawi ndi gulu limodzi la anthu omwe ali ndi zofanana zofanana ndi njira ya moyo. Izi siziri zoona. Lumpen ndi gawo lofotokozedwa, lachilengedwe ndi lachikhalidwe, "chiwonongeko cha anthu" chomwe chiri mbali ya gulu laling'ono, koma umunthu wa m'mphepete si nthawi zonse.
Zizindikiro za zochepa
Chinthu chachikulu cha akatswiri a zachuma m'madera akumidzi ndicho kusiyana kwa zachuma, zachikhalidwe ndi zauzimu zomwe zilipo mu moyo wa "homegrown". Omwe akuthawa kwawo komanso othawa kwawo amalekanitsidwa. Munthu yemwe kale anali msilikali yemwe wasiya ntchito koma yemwe sanafikepo pazinthu zandale akhoza kukhala pampingo. Ubale ndi zakale unachotsedwa, pomwe palibe zatsopano, ndipo muzinthu zovuta kwambiri, sipadzakhalanso. Ndiye munthu akhoza kuwonetsa - ie. kumira mpaka "pansi" komweko pa moyo.
Zizindikiro zina za kusiyana:
- kuyenda - kutuluka chifukwa chosakhala ndi nyumba, zothandizira;
- mavuto aumphawi - amawonekera chifukwa cholephera kupeza "malo awo pansi pa dzuwa";
- kulimbikitsa zofuna zawo, nthawizina kudana ndi anthu omwe alipo;
- Kukhala ndi chidwi chokwanira chochita nawo ntchito zoletsedwa.
Mitundu ya zochepa
Ndi chitukuko chabwino cha zochitika, nthawi ya kusiyana pakati pa munthu siimatha nthawi yayitali - pokonzanso, kupeza ntchito, kulumikizana ndi anthu, imataya udindo wa pamtunda. Kupatulapo ndi anthu omwe asokonekera (obwerera kwawo) kapena omwe amadziwa kusankha njira iyi ya moyo (anthu ogonana, achigololo, opanikiza, otsutsa). Akatswiri a zaumulungu amagawana mitundu yayikulu ya magulu a m'magawo: ndale, zamakhalidwe, zipembedzo, zamakhalidwe, zachuma, ndi zachilengedwe.
Zolinga za ndale
Kuti timvetsetse kuti gawo la ndale, tanthawuzo la mawu awa, tikhoza kukumbukira nthawi yomwe Fidel Castro akulamulira ku Cuba, pamodzi ndi kuponderezedwa kwamagazi. "Chilumba cha Ufulu" sichitha kupirira moyo wa anthu okwana 2 miliyoni omwe anathawira ku mayiko ena, ndikukhala amtundu wa ndale - anthu omwe sakhutitsidwa ndi boma lomwe likupezekapo, malamulo ake.
Mitundu yamitundu
Anthu omwe ali osiyana pakati pa anthu amtunduwu amatchulidwa ngati anthu obadwa kuchokera ku nthumwi zosiyana. Palibe chikhalidwe chokwanira chokha chimene chimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala osakwatirana, izi zimachitika kokha ngati mwanayo sagwirizana ndi mtundu uliwonse wa makolo - pakali pano, sakuvomerezedwa kulikonse. Yankho lina ku funso la omwe amitundu amtunduwu ndi ochepa, oimira dziko laling'ono kwambiri omwe akukhala pakati pa mitundu ina.
Kutulutsidwa kwachipembedzo
Ambiri mwa anthu ammudzi amamatira kuvomereza kwina, kapena samakhulupirira mwa Mulungu nkomwe. Otsutsa achipembedzo amatcha anthu omwe amakhulupirira kuti alipo mphamvu yoposa, koma sangathe kudziimira eni ake a chipembedzo chiripo. Pakati pa anthu otere (aneneri) mmodzi akhoza kukomana ndi omwe adasonkhanitsa anthu omwe ali ndi malingaliro komanso adalenga mpingo wawo.
Kusamvana pakati pa anthu
Chodabwitsa chotero monga kusamvana pakati pa chikhalidwe cha anthu kumayamba mudziko lomwe likukumana ndi zovuta: kumenyana, kutsutsana, ndi zina zotero. Magulu onse a anthu omwe akusintha amatha kutaya malo awo ndipo sangapeze mu dongosolo latsopano. Zomwe zimakhalira m'mabanja nthawi zambiri zimakhala othawa kwawo, monga chitsanzo chingakumbukiridwe oimira anthu olemekezeka, amene adachoka ku Russia pambuyo pa kusintha kwa 1917.
Zamalonda azachuma
Yankho la funso la yemwe chuma cha m'mphepete mwa chikhalidwe, chimakhala chosowa ntchito ndi zochitika za umphawi. Mavuto a zachuma akukakamizidwa kapena mwadala mwadala kutaya mwayi wokhala ndikukhala ndi ndalama za wina - kulandira thandizo kuchokera kwa ena, phindu la boma, mphatso zachifundo, ndi zina zotero. M'madera amasiku ano, anthu omwe adasokonezedwa ndi zachuma akuwerengedwanso ngati anthu ambiri, omwe amachotsedwa kudziko.
Biomarginals
Bungwe labwino la anthu limatanthawuza kusamalira iwo omwe ali m'mavuto chifukwa cha matenda, kotero funso la amene ali ndi chilengedwe choyenera kuti sayenera kuwuka. Ndipotu, iwo omwe alibe phindu kwa anthu chifukwa cha matenda, alibe chitetezo. Biomanginals amatchedwa invalids, odwaladwala, okalamba, kachilombo ka HIV, ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down's , ndi zina zotero.
Zochita ndi zowononga zazing'ono
Poyamba, tanthawuzo loipa la mawu akuti "marginal" lasintha kale ndipo silikhala ndi vuto losalekeza. Kukhala kunja kwa "ng'ombe," kusiyanasiyana ndi ambiri ndi yapamwamba komanso yolemekezeka, koma mbali yabwino ya kuchepetsedwa ingapezeke ngakhale mukutanthauzira kwachikhalidwe cha chodabwitsa ichi:
- Zigawenga zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuposa anthu wamba, n'zosavuta kuti iwo asamuke ku dera lolemera kwambiri, kupeza ntchito yabwino kulipira, kusintha ntchito yawo;
- Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwawo ndi mamembala ena, anthu ena amatha kupanga malonda awo pazinthu izi, mwachitsanzo, mafuko amatha kutsegula sitolo ndi katundu omwe anthu ake amabala;
- Chifukwa cha kusinthika kwawo kumabweretsa zinthu zatsopano, kupita patsogolo kudziko.
Nthaŵi zolakwika zosiyana ndizochitika kuti chochitika ichi chikukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwakukulu mu kapangidwe ka anthu - kusintha, kusintha. Kawirikawiri, anthu nthawi zonse amavutika ndi kusintha kotere - boma ndi losauka, limasiyidwa ndi anthu omwe akulonjeza. Chosowa china cha kusiyana pakati pa anthu ndi kuchepa kwa miyezo ya moyo ndi chitetezo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu olekanitsidwa.
Kusayanjana kolakwika pazomwe zimapangidwa mwanzeru. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nthawi yaitali, nkhondo, chiŵerengero cha anthu olekanitsidwa chikukula mofulumira, chifukwa cha anthu osalakwa omwe amawonongeka ndi kugwera "pansi." Zitsanzo za kupanikizidwa kozunzidwa ndi kuphedwa kwa Nazi ku mtundu wa Ayuda, womwe unayambitsidwa ndi mayankho a fascist Germany ndi Stalinist, chifukwa cha anthu zikwi mazana ambiri anatengedwa ukapolo, kuchoka kwawo ndikusowa ntchito ndi nyumba.
Kusiyana ndi umphawi
Popeza m'mabuku amakono yankho la funso loti anthu osiyana siyana asinthidwa kwambiri ndi chiyani osati nthawi zonse zotsatira za kusiyana - umphaŵi, kunyalanyaza ufulu kapena ngakhale moyo. Zizindikiro, monga tazitchulira kale, zingakhale anthu olemera kwambiri omwe, chifukwa cha chitetezo chawo, ali omasuka kuposa anthu ena ammudzi. Ndipo si zachilendo kwa anthu ogwira bwino ntchito zamalonda kuchoka malonda awo ndikuchoka mumzinda waukulu wa chigawo ndi midzi.
Pogwiritsa ntchito zochitika ngati zochepa zomwe ziyenera kutchulidwa, sizinatchulidwepo za kale kwambiri. Kuchokera pa kubadwa, munthuyo amakula mosiyana - onse a chikhalidwe ndi munthu. Mwachidziwitso, mphamvuzi ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana, koma kwenikweni chimodzi mwa zinthu izi nthawi zambiri chimakhala choposa. Ndi kulimbitsa chisokonezo, kugwirizanitsa kumabereka, ndipo pokhala ndi munthu wina aliyense wochulukirapo, chiwombankhanga chikhoza kubadwa.
Downshifter ndi munthu amene amasankha moyo kunja kwa anthu kapena kulankhulana momveka bwino ndi anthu omwe sali m'banja lake. Ili ndilo gawo, lomwe liri lokhutitsidwa kwathunthu ndi kukhala mu dziko la borderline, pamene iye ali mfulu kuyendayenda padziko lonse, kuti akhale moyo wodziimira kwathunthu. Kawirikawiri, anthu ochita zinthu zosangalatsa amakonda kupanga zojambulajambula - amatha kujambula, kulemba mabuku, ndi zina zotero. Ndipo kulenga kwawo nthawi zonse kumafuna, tk. wolembayo ali ndi mphamvu zamphamvu komanso zosagwirizana .