Kuti duwa liphuke m'chilimwe, kubzala mbewu za mbande ziyenera kuchitika mu February kapena March. Miyezi itatu kapena inayi yokhayo ingalekanitse gawo la mbeu kuchokera pa siteji ya mvula yamkuntho, ngati mutatsata malingaliro onse. Maluwa sasowa zofunikira za kumera, ndipo mbande zomalizidwa zidzasunthira bwino kubzala kumalo osatha m'munda.
Imbyo kubzala pa mbande
Kawirikawiri amakhulupirira kuti maluwa okonzeka a violas angapezeke kokha nyengo yotsatira, koma kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kubzala mbewu pa mbande kumapangitsa kukwaniritsa munda wamaluwa m'chilimwe. Katswiriyu amapanga masiku oyambirira komanso njira zina zowonjezera mbande zamphamvu, koma kutsatira malangizowo onse kumathandiza kuti maluwa azikhala bwino nthawi zonse. Musanayambe kumera mbande za violas kuchokera ku mbewu, nkofunika kudziwa njira yokakamiza ndi kulondola molondola chodzala.
Migwirizano yobzala viola pa mbande
Malamulo a zokolola kumapeto kwa February kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March, ndi kupeza maluŵa a maluwa adzakhala kuyambira May mpaka September. Chifukwa cha kutalika kwa tsiku lowala ndi nyali, miyezi itatu mutatha kufesa, tingayembekezere kuyamba kwa nyengo. Pogwiritsa ntchito makasitomala, mabokosi ndi zowonongeka kuchokera ku zakudya ndizoyenera. Poyamba mbewu zimagwa pansi, mofulumira tchire la viola lidzaphuka pa flowerbed. M'madera ozizira amabzalidwa m'mabhokisi.
Momwe mungabzalitsire viola pa mbande kuchokera ku mbewu?
Mbeu zing'onozing'ono zimakhala zovuta kugwira ntchito, koma zowonongeka bwino zimabweretsa mavutowa. Olima amalima amagwiritsa ntchito njira zitatu zofesera, zimadalira zochitika ndi zomwe zilipo zowera mmera.
- Kusindikizidwa mu nthaka ndi njira yolima yachikale. Furrow mozama osachepera theka la sentimita idatsanulira zakuthupi ndi sitepe ya pafupi 2 cm, mzere wotsatira watha kupyolera mu sentimita. Nthaka iyenera kukonzedwa ndi kubzala ndi kuthirira. Mutatha kujambula filimu ndikupanga microclimate, zotsekemera zimakhala mpweya wokwanira kawiri pa tsiku, mabokosiwa amaikidwa pamalo aliwonse abwino.
- Ngati simukudalira kuti nthaka ndi yabwino bwanji ndipo simudziwa mmene viola idzachitire, kubzala mbewu kwa mbande kungatheke popanda kuyika mu nthaka. Ngati nyemba zimatsanulidwira pamwamba, zidazo zimatumizidwa kumdima, chifukwa zimamera mumdima. Imwani nthaka musanafese ndi madzi ofunda. Kuphimba chivundikiro ndi pepala la makatoni pamwamba pa filimuyo, mpweya kawiri pa tsiku.
- Wolima aliyense ali ndi zifukwa zake pa nkhani ya momwe angabzalitsire viola pa mbande mosavuta ndi molondola. Pali yankho lachitatu - chinachake pakati. Mbewu imabzalidwa pamwamba pa nthaka ndi pang'ono yokonzedwa ndi mchenga, ndiye madzi.
Kufesa violas mu cochlea
Anthu omwe ali ndi mawindo ang'onoang'ono a zenera, chotsalira ndi mpukutu wopotoka wa zojambulazo zowonongeka ndizoyenera. Gawo labwino lofewa lopangidwa ndi miyala yowonongeka ndi mawonekedwe owonetsetsa mwa mawonekedwe a madzi akuluakulu adzathetsa vuto la kusunga malo.
- Tepi imadulidwa kuchokera ku gawo lapansi pansi pa laminate. Pafupifupi sentimita imodzi ya dziko lapansi imathiridwa pa iyo. Kuti ikhale yosagwedezeka, imangoyambitsidwa pang'ono ndipo imakanikizidwa pang'ono ndi kanjedza, kusindikiza chingwecho. Khalani ndikuwonetsa kuti ndizosavuta kutsanulira wosanjikiza pafupifupi masentimita 20, ndizosokoneza kukonza tepi yomweyo.
- Mbeuyi imayikidwa pamtunda wamtundu wa mtunda wa pafupifupi 2 masentimita. Sankhani m'mphepete imodzi ndi masentimita awiri kutalika kwake. Mbewu pang'ono kulowa mkati ndi chala chanu.
- Kenaka mukhoza kuyendetsa gawo loyamba la mzere ndikutsanulira nthaka pa gawo lotsatira. Kotero dera lomwe lili kumbuyo kwa chiwembu limabzalidwa ndi utali wonse wa tepiyo.
- Nkhono yokonzeka yokonzedwa ili ndi mapepala ozoloŵera. Mu nkhono, viola imabzalidwa mu chidebe kuti mbewuzo zikhale pamphepete mwakumtunda. Ndikofunikira kuti musadzadze nthaka, chifukwa nthawi zonse imapunthwa.
- Pansi pa chidebe chowonekera mumakhala chingwe cha utuchi kuti mutenge chinyezi chochulukirapo ndi kukhazikitsa nkhono. Madzi mokwanira komanso mochuluka.
- Kenaka nyumbayi ili ndi cellophane ndipo imakhala ndi mapepala a pepala. Pambuyo pooneka mphukira zoyamba, phukusi la nkhono lichotsedweratu, ndipo zonsezi zimatumizidwa kuwindo lazenera. Kuthirira kuthirira ayenera kukhala nthawi zonse popanda kuwopa zowola.
Kubzala violas mu mapiritsi a peat
Njira yamakono yokula mbande ndi yabwino kwa mbewu za viola. Mu mapiritsi, palibe chinyezi chowonjezera chomwe chimasungidwa, kutentha kumasungidwa ndipo palibe chosowa cha pike. Viola mu peat mapiritsi akhoza kukula pamwamba kapena kuphatikiza njira, pang'ono prisypav landings. Mapiritsi okhala ndi mbewu amadzazidwa ndi paketi ndipo amatumizidwa kumalo amdima kuti amere. Pamene mbande zikukula, zimasamutsidwa kuzipinda zosiyana popanda kuika pangozi ku mizu.
Pakatha masiku angati viola amachokera ku mbewu?
Ma viola osiyanasiyana samangotangoyamba kumene maluwa, komanso nthawi yomwe imamera. Ena amatha masiku asanu kapena asanu ndi awiri, ena akhoza kusokoneza maluwa mpaka mwezi umodzi. Kufulumizitsa ndondomekoyi, munthu akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono za kumera ndi kukonzekera.
- Madzi ozizira amavutitsa kubzala, kutentha - amachititsa kukula. Pofuna kuthamangitsa nthawi yoyamba kuphuka, musanabzala, mukhoza kuika mbewu pamtambo, imadziviika m'madzi otentha. Zikatero, kutupa kwa chigoba chakunja kudzaonekera.
- Ngati sikofunika kwenikweni, patatha masiku angapo viola ikukwera, ndipo poyambirira ndiyomwe ubwino wa mbande, ndibwino kuganizira zakulowa mu njira ya zakudya. Zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zomwe zimatuluka ndi madzi ofunda. Zinyama zimakula mwamphamvu ndikuyendetsa bwino mutabzala pansi.
Nchifukwa chiyani mbewu za viola sizimawonekera?
Kukula ndi kukondowetsa kubzala kumapereka zotsatira 100%, koma kungakhale kopanda pake ngati zolakwika zofika pamtunda zimaloledwa.
- Dothi lakuda kwambiri lochokera pamwamba sililola kuti violet ikhalepo, kubzala mbewu pa mbande mwa njira yowonongeka kudzathetsa vutoli. Mbeu ikaikidwa m'manda, malangizidwe a hafu ya sentimita sayenera kudutsa.
- Kumera bwino kumafuna chinyezi ndi mpweya. Nthaka yovuta siidzalola mpweya kuti udutse, ndipo madzi amatha kunyamula ndikupita ku minda yowola. Mphukira siidzawoneka ngati idzaza ndi nthaka yolemera.
- Yembekezerani nthawi yabwino ya violas pokhapokha ndi mbewu zabwino zatsopano. Ngati mbewuyo ndi yakale ndipo yosungidwa molakwika, iyo siidzaphuka.
Nthawi yoti mumve viola?
Mutha kutsuka pambuyo pa maonekedwe awiri enieni. Kawirikawiri panthawiyi, nyemba imatambasulidwa, tsinde lapakati limadziwika kwambiri ndi masamba a cotyledon. Pofuna kuti tchire ziziwoneka zokongola komanso zamphamvu, pakufesa, mbande zimabisidwa kumalo ena. Kenaka padzakhala mizu kutalika kwa kutalika kwa tsinde, lomwe lidzapangitsa mizu kukhala yolimba. Pikirovka Viola pa mbande sizidzakhudza mkhalidwe wa mizu, chifukwa mbewu imalolera njirayi popanda kutaya, ngakhale maluwa.