Mfundo yakuti kwinakwake m'thupi lake ndizovala zogonetsera, aliyense amadziwa. Koma ndi zipangizo zotani, ndipo zimagwira ntchito yotani, ochepa angathe kuyankha. Zimadziwika kuti ali ndi vuto linalake limene likuwonekera paulendowu, pamakona akuthwa kwambiri, ndi kuyenda panyanja. Koma kodi ichi ndi chinsinsi chotani?
Kodi zipangizo zotsala zili kuti?
Zida zobvala ndilo bungwe loyang'anira. Izi zimamuthandiza munthu ngakhale atatsekedwa maso kuti adziwe malo ake mlengalenga ndikusuntha thupi kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo.
Zida zamtundu wa munthu zili m'kati mwa fupa lamkati, zobisika mkati mwa khutu lamkati. Ndi dongosolo laling'ono kwambiri. Ndipo ngakhale malowa, khutu liribe kanthu kochita ndi izo. Chiwalocho chimakhala ndi ngalande yamagulu yomwe ili kumbali zonse ziwirizo, ndi timapepala tomwe timapepala.
Kukhumudwa kwa obvomerezeka a mawonekedwe kumapezeka pamene mutu ukugwa kapena ukuyamba kusuntha. Panthawi imeneyi, mematane ya otolith imadutsa pamutu ndi kuigwedeza. Izi zimayambitsa mndandanda wa zozizwitsa za minofu, zomwe zimawongolera thupi, kusunga kapena kusintha malo. Kwenikweni, kusanthula ngakhale kusinthasintha kwachinsinsi kumalo a mutu ndiko ntchito yaikulu yomwe zipangizo zoyenera kuzigwirira ntchito.
Malo onse ovala zida zogwirizana kwambiri ndi hypothalamus ndi cerebellum. Izi zikufotokozera kuti pamene munthu akudwala matenda, munthu amakhala wochepetsedwa pang'ono ndipo amayamba kudwala.
Matenda a zida zotsekemera
Zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa zida zowoneka ndizosiyana:
- Matenda a mitsempha. Kwenikweni vuto limabwera chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana: fuluwenza, herpes, kunyalanyaza ndi ena. Zizindikiro zake zazikulu ndizo: chizungulire choopsa, kunyozetsa ndi kusanza, nystagmus mwadzidzidzi, yomwe imayambitsa kayendedwe kofulumira kwa maso.
- Kuikidwa mkati mwa labyrinth mitsempha. Kuphwanyidwa kwa zipangizo zamkati za munthu kumaonedwa kuti ndi chinthu choopsa kwambiri. Matendawa ndi osowa magazi m'maganizo, omwe ali m'mavuto ovuta kwambiri amachititsa kupweteka kwa mtima kapena matenda a mtima. Zikuwonekera pamtundu wolimba kwambiri, umodzi wosamva, wosagwirizana.
- Matenda a Ménière. Matendawa akuwonetseredwa ndi phokoso ndi kumverera kwa raspiraniya m'makutu, mndandanda wa chizungulire, kusinthasintha kumva kumva. Odwala ena amavutika chifukwa chodzidzimutsa.
- Craniovertebral pathology. Izi ndizimene zimachititsa kuti zipangizozi zisagwire bwino ntchito. Odwala omwe ali ndi matendawa amavutika ndi nystagmus, vuto la kulankhula komanso kugwira ntchito.
- Kuvulala. Zikhoza kuyambitsa mkangano wa labyrinth.
- Basilar migraine. Nthawi zina matendawa samadziwika ngati mutu, koma ngati chizungulire. Anthu omwe amakhala pafupi ndi basilar migraines nthawi zambiri amayamba kutengeka ndi matenda.
- Matenda a makutu. Matenda a serous , otosclerosis, mavuto okhudza tiyi yochuluka, otitis media - zonsezi zingasokoneze mkhalidwe wa zida zotsekemera.
Kuchiza kwa zipangizo zovala
Machiritso opangira zovala si ophweka. Choyamba muyenera kusiya chizungulire ndikupatsani wodwala mtendere. Ndipo pokhapokha amaloledwa kupitiliza ndi mankhwala ozunguza bongo. Nthaŵi zambiri, amapempha chithandizo kwa mankhwalawa:
- antihistamines (Meclosin, Diphenhydramine, Dramin);
- benzodiazetines (diazepam, lorazepam);
- antiemetics (Ondansetron, Promethazine, Motilium);
- anticholinergic (Scopolamine, Platyphylline).