Pokonzekera chodzala mbewu za masamba pa webusaitiyi, samverani zomwe zomera zinakula mumzinda uno chaka chatha, kaya zipatso zomwe munabzala zinali zathanzi. Nkhani yotereyi idzakuthandizani kukonza zowonongeka: ngati kale malowa ali ndi tizirombo kapena matenda, ndibwino kuti tiseke mabedi ndi mbeuyi mmadera ena a munda.
Matenda a tomato, kugunda masamba abwino ndi abwino, amawononga gawo la mbewu. Matenda a matenda ndi osiyana, choncho tiyeni tiyesetse kudziwa momwe matendawa amakhudzira nthawi zambiri, komanso momwe angamenyane ndi tizirombo ta tomato.
Septoria wa tomato
Septoria ya tomato (woyera spotting) - matenda a fungal amapezeka m'madera okhala ndi chinyezi. Matendawa amawonetseredwa ndi maonekedwe a bulauni, ndiye amakhala akuyera ndi malire a mdima. Mitundu yoyambirira ya tomato imatha kudwala. Zizindikiro za kuperewera kwa nyenyezi nthawi zina zimawoneka pa zipatso zatsopano zowonekera: masamba ndi tchire lonse zimapotoza ndikufa.
Kuwonongeka kochedwa kwa tomato
Matenda a mochedwa choipitsa amakhudza masamba a tomato, zimayambira ndi zipatso. Nthawi zina chipatso chimachepetsa ndi kuvunda. Kuwoneka kwa matendawa kumakhudzidwa ndi lakuthwa kutentha kusintha ndi kawirikawiri kubzala masamba.
Msuzi wakuda wa tomato
Msola wakuda ndi matenda a fungal, omwe amasonyeza kuti mdimawo umakhala wakuda kwambiri ndipo umakhala wochepa.
Chithandizo cha tomato
Zilonda zonse zomwe tazitchulazi zili ndi maonekedwe a fungal, ndipo motero njira zolimbana nazo ziri zofanana.
- Pamaso pa matenda aliwonse a fungaleni m'dera lomwe lakhudzidwayo simukulimbikitsidwa zaka 3 kudzala chikhalidwe ichi (komanso mbatata ndi biringanya).
- Mu kugwa amakhala akulima kwambiri nthaka ndikuwononga tchire ndi mizu.
- Masabata awiri musanadzalemo m'nthaka, mbande imachiritsidwa ndi fungicides. Pa nyengo yokula, nthaka imachizidwa masiku khumi ndi awiri.
- Pamene kamtengo kamodzi kamakhudzidwa kamapezeka, imachotsedwa ndikuwonongedwa. Ngati zowonongeka, zomera zimatengedwa ndi fungicides molingana ndi malangizo.
Brown malo
Ngati matenda ambuyomu amakhudza zomera zonse zomwe zimatentha ndi zomera zomwe zimapezeka pamalo otseguka, malo otayika amatanthauza tizirombo ta tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha . Pa underside wa masamba a kachilombo zomera kuoneka bulauni mawanga ndi whitish zokutira. Pamakhala chinyezi, kutsika kutentha usiku ndi kuthirira ndi madzi ozizira, spores amawononga masamba chikhalidwe. Pa zizindikiro za matendawa, m'pofunika kusiya kuthirira ndi kuchepetsa kutentha kwa mlengalenga, kuwaza tomato ndi njira ya mkuwa sulfate kapena colloidal sulfure. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, nthaka ikatha kukolola masamba imalangizidwa kuti ikhale ndi madzi otentha kapena (ngati nyumbayo ili yochepa), yikani nthaka mu uvuni.
Nematode tomato
Kawirikawiri, kufesa kumavutika ndi kuthawa - matenda a parasitic mphutsi. Izi tizilombo ta phwetekere timayambira mu rootlets za zomera ndipo, mobwerezabwereza kuchulukitsa, timatenga timadziti tapatsa thanzi kuchokera kumunda. Tomato atakumbidwa pambuyo pa kukula, amafota ndi kutembenukira chikasu. Ndi matenda amphamvu, zomera zimamwalira. Polimbana ndi nematode mu kugwa, mizu yonse ndi masamba amafukula, ndipo nthaka imachiritsidwa ndi eco-pesticides: kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi, adyo kapena celandine.
Kusokoneza mofulumira
Dachniki nthawi zambiri amadandaula kuti zipatso zabwino za tomato mwadzidzidzi zimayamba kugwedezeka, chifukwa cha kuoneka kwa malonda kwa masamba kumatayika, ndipo masamu a moyo amfupikitsidwa. Koma matenda ndi tizirombo ta mbatata sagwirizana nazo. Chochitika ichi cha thupi chikugwirizana ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa dothi la nthaka: mu chilala, mbewu imathiriridwa ndi madzi ochuluka panthaŵi. Ndibwino kuchepetsa kubzala kwazamasamba pang'onopang'ono komanso kangapo patsiku.
Malinga ndi umboni wa alimi ogwira ntchito yamagalimoto, zomera-zokololazo sizipezeka ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zindikirani malangizo awa posankha mitundu ya phwetekere!