Chipatso cha feijoa chinadziwika kwambiri posachedwapa. Anapezeka m'mitengo ya ku South America ndi mlimi wa ku Germany dzina lake Friedrich Sello pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900. Kwa nthawi yoyamba ku Ulaya, chomeracho chinabweretsedwa mu 1890, choyamba m'minda yamaluwa ya Yalta ndi Sukhumi, kenako - ku California ndi ku Italy. Kuchokera ku Italy feijoa kunafalikira m'madera onse a Mediterranean komanso ku Southeast Asia. Masiku ano zomera izi zimalimidwa ku Crimea, Latin America, Australia, Turkmenistan, Southeast Asia, Italy, New Zealand.
Feijoa - ndondomeko
Chomeracho ndi cha banja la Myrtov. Palibe mitundu yambiri mwa iwo, ndipo pakati pawo yokhayo ndi wamkulu feijoa. Ndi anthu ochepa chabe omwe amadziwa zomwe feijoa amawoneka, ndikudziwa bwino ndi zipatso zake. Chomera chomwecho ndi mtengo wobiriwira-ngati shrub. Ikhoza kukula mpaka mamita 4 mu msinkhu. Mzuwu wambiri wambiri uli pamalo apamwamba. Feijoa ndi chomera chokonda chinyezi. Masamba ake ndi ovuta, pubescent, ophatikizidwa ndi nthambi ndi lalifupi petioles. Masamba ali obiriwira pamwamba ndi siliva pansi. Thunthuli liri ndi makungwa obiriwira obiriwira.
Mwachindunji chipatso cha feijoa ndi mabulosi onunkhira, ofewa, amchere, okoma kwambiri omwe amakonda kiwi, chinanazi ndi sitiroberi panthawi yomweyo. Kuyanjana uku kukonda kungathe kugonjetsa kuyambira kuluma koyamba. Mmene kamwana kameneka kamakhalira kamatha kuchoka pamphepete mwa mimba. Kukula kwake ndi kochepa - 2-5 masentimita, kulemera - mpaka 60 g Mu thupi la chipatso pali mbewu, ndipo kunja kwake zimatetezedwa ndi khungu lobiriwira kumtundu wobiriwira.
Kodi feijoa amakula bwanji?
Feijoa amakula kulikonse kumene kuli kotentha. Dziko lakwawo ndi madera otentha, mu nyengo iyi zimakhala zabwino kwambiri. Koma zazitentha, zomera zimalolera chigawochi molakwika. Ambiri, otengeka ndi ubwino wa zipatso ndi kukongoletsa kwa chitsamba, akuyesera kukula feijoa kunyumba. Ndiyenera kunena, ndikudziwa bwino za chisamaliro ndi nyengo yoyenera (kapena chilengedwe chake), nthawi zambiri zimapindula kwambiri.
Maluwa feijoa
Maluwa a feijoa amamera mu May-June ndi maluwa okwana anayi, onse omwe ali okhaokha komanso oplorescences. Inflorescences bisexual, mwa iwo muli zida za stamens (zidutswa 50-80). Kuwongolera ndiko chifukwa cha tizilombo. Mtengo wa feijoa m'nyengo yamaluwa umawoneka wokongola kwambiri. Misa yamaluwa imakhala milungu itatu, kenako pamakhala mimba ndi mazira ambiri. Pa lonse misa ya maluwa, zothandiza ovary amangokhala 17-18%.
Kodi feijoa yakucha liti?
Wokoma ndi wolemera mu ayodini ndi vitamini C, zipatso za feijoa zimapsa kuchokera pakati pa mwezi wa Oktoba mpaka kumapeto kwa November. Zipatso zimagwa kuchokera ku nthambi, ndipo zimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera pansi. Kugulitsa, zokolola za zipatso ikuchitika pang'ono kale. Ngakhale mabulosi asakucha, amakolola ku nthambi. Motero amalekerera bwino kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake Kukhalitsa kwa zipatso zoyamba za feijoa m'zigawo za chipinda zidzachitika zaka 6 mutabzala mbewu. Ngati munabzala cuttings kapena mzuzi, mphukira yoyamba idzakusangalatsani patatha zaka zitatu.
Mitundu ya feijoa
Musanayambe kukula feijoa ngati chomera, tiyeni tiphunzire za mitundu yake yaikulu:
- André. Kusiyana kwa feijoa, kuchokera ku Brazil. Zipatso zake zimakhala zazikulu, oblong kapena kuzungulira, nkhope zawo zovuta, zobiriwira zobiriwira. Mnofu ndi wandiweyani, mbewu ndizochepa. Kukoma ndi kolemera kwambiri. Chomera ndi chokhazikika, nthawi zonse chimabereka zipatso zambiri.
- "Besson." Dziko ladzikoli ndi Uruguay. Zipatso ndizochepa kapena zosapanga, zowoneka mozungulira, ndi zofufumitsa za burgundy. Khungu la chipatsocho ndi lochepa, thupi silili lakuda kwambiri, labwino kwambiri, lodyera, lamadzi wonyekemera, ndi mbewu zambiri.
- Coolidge. Ambiri makamaka ku California. Zipatso zimakhala zofiira kapena mapeyala, a kukula kwa sing'anga. Khungu ndi lopangidwa pang'ono. Fungo la chipatso ndilokhazikika. Chomeracho ndi chokhazikika, cholimba ndi chokhazikika.
- "Superba". Zipatso za feijoa zimenezi ndizozungulira kapena zozungulira pang'ono, zosalala bwino, zokoma. Osachepera 33% omwe ali ndi chonde. Chitsamba chimathamanga, cha sing'anga mphamvu.
- Choiceana. Zipatso zimakhala zozungulira kapena zochepa, zosalala, zosakaniza, zazikulu zokoma. Chitsamba chimakhala champhamvu kwambiri, chomera ndi 42% chokha.
Kodi mungakweretse bwanji feijoa kunyumba?
Popeza chipatso cha feijoa chimachokera ku Brazil, m'pofunika kusunga zinthu ziwiri zomwe zimayambitsa kulima - kutentha ndi chinyezi. Chomeracho sichimangidwira zipatso zokha, komanso ngati chomera chokongoletsera - maluwa ake ndi okongola kwambiri, maluwa ake ndi ovuta, ndi maluwa ambiri ofiira pamtunda wa chipale chofewa ndi burgundy stipules. Ngati mutha kupereka malo otsika kwa feijoa, kukulirakulira kudzakuchitirani zokondweretsa.
Feijoa chomera - nthaka
Mtengo wokongola wa chomera ichi ndi chisakanizo cha peat , mchenga, humus, turf ndi nthaka yovomerezeka mofanana. Kawirikawiri, chomera sichikufuna kwambiri nthaka, kotero kuti gawo lopangidwa ndi maluwa lidzachita. Zaka 2-3 zoyambirira ndizofunika mutabzala. Momwe mungalimbikitsire feijoa m'nthawi iyi: muyenera kuziyika chaka chilichonse mu gawo lapansi labwino la michere. Mitengo ya anthu akuluakulu iyenera kusungidwa ndi mizu patsiku lopangidwa, ndipo nthaka yatsopano iyenera kudzaza malowo mpaka pamakoma a mphika.
Momwe mungabzalitsire feijoa?
Monga zomera zambiri, feijoa ingabzalidwe ndi mbewu. Mmene mungamere feijoa kuchokera ku mbewu:
- Mbewu ziyenera kukhala zatsopano, palibe chaka chatha. Ndi bwino kusonkhanitsa nokha, osadalira pa sitolo. Ayenera kutengedwa kuchokera ku chipatso chosapangidwa.
- Mbewu imatsuka ndi kuyanika kwa masiku asanu ndi limodzi.
- Mbeu zowonongeka pamtunda pamwamba pake zimadetsedwa ndi nthaka ya 5 mm.
- Kuthirira kumakhala koyenera kwambiri kusasamba mbewu. Kuti muchite izi, mukhoza kuphimba chidebecho ndi minofu.
- Mphukira yoyamba idzawonekera mwezi umodzi mutabzala nthawi yozizira ndipo patatha milungu iwiri mutabzala m'chilimwe.
Feijoa mumphika - kuthirira
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi choyenera cha nthaka ndi mpweya ndi mbali zofunika za chisamaliro cha feijoa kunyumba. Chomera ndi chosakanizidwa, pamasiku otentha kupatula madzi okwanira, amafunika kupopera mbewu nthawi zonse. Imwani pansi pamene mukuuma, kuchotsa madzi poto mutatha kuthirira. M'nyengo yozizira, zomera zimathandiza kupopera madzi ofunda, kuthirira pa nthawi ino ya chaka iyenera kukhala yowonjezera.
Kodi mungadyetse bwanji feijoa?
Chikhalidwe china chokula chipinda feijoa - kupanga feteleza. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuchita izi nthawi ya maluwa ndi zipatso. Chaka chonse, chipatso cha feijoa subtropics chimadyetsedwa masiku khumi ndi awiri, kuphatikizapo phosphorous, nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu. Pachifukwachi, manyowa a mahatchi amayeretsedwa ndi madzi pafupifupi 1:10, ndipo superphosphate ndi phulusa zouluka zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Asanayambe kudyetsa, mbewuyo imathiriridwa ndi madzi wamba.
Kodi mungasamalire feijoa?
Kwa feijoa chomera, chisamaliro ndi chofunikira kwambiri pa mbali ya kuunikira ndi kuyang'ana kayendedwe kena ka kutentha. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, mukhoza kusunga phala ndi maluwa pa khonde, komwe kutentha kumasungidwa ku + 30 ° C. Ndi bwino kupewa kuwala kwa dzuwa. M'nyengo yozizira pali kuphulika kwachibadwa kwa chitukuko cha chomera, kotero akusowa kupuma. Kutentha kumayenera kuchepetsedwa kufika 14 ° C.
Ngati mukufuna, n'zotheka kupanga kupanga mitengo. Kwa ichi, chaka choyamba, zimayambira zonse zimadulidwa pa 30-45 masentimita kuchokera kumunsi. Izi zimapanga mafupa ndipo zimathetsa kukula kosafunikira kumtunda kwa chitsamba. Mu zaka 2-3 zotsatila zazing'ono zimapangidwa pamwamba pa tsinde. Iwo amadulidwa patali wa 30-40 masentimita wina ndi mzake mwa mawonekedwe a mzere. Mitsempha ya kupatukana kwa thunthu iyenera kukhala 45-60 °, pakati pa nthambi - 90-120 °. M'kupita kwa zaka, kupatulira kudulira ndi kuchotsa kwa youma ndi ofooka mphukira zikuchitika.
Feijoa - kubereka
Sindikirani chipatso chotchedwa feijoa makamaka cuttings kapena mphukira mphukira. Mukadula, muyenera kupeza amayi feijoa kapena kutenga chovala chachikulu, kuchotsani masamba onse mmenemo, kusiya masamba awiri okha ndikuika mu yankho la heteroauxin kwa maola 16. Pambuyo pake, mukhoza kuigwiritsa ntchito mu chisakanizo cha humus ndi mchenga kwambiri, ndikusiya gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a cuttings pamwamba.
Kukula feijoa kunyumba kuchokera muzu kumakhalanso kophweka. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri monga cuttings. Pezani mophweka - feijoa amatanthauza zomera zomwe zimakula mofulumira zomwe zimapereka mphukira zambiri, zomwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa mwamuyaya. Chigawo cha izo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kubereka. Pachifukwa ichi, patsiku lopangidwa ndi munthu wamkulu, muyenera kusamalitsa njirayi.