Kukula nkhaka zokoma pa malowa, kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera kumafuna nthawi komanso zonse za agrotechnical zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukolola. Zimakhala zovuta kulingalira munda wa ndiwo zamasamba omwe sipadzakhalanso nkhaka, masamba okondedwa ndi osowa, odzaza ndi mavitamini othandiza komanso kufufuza zinthu.
Nkhaka pamaso kubzala - kukonzekera
Zopindulitsa kwambiri za kufesa zimayesedwa ngati mbewu zaka ziwiri zapitazo, zimakula bwino. Kukula nkhaka zokoma, kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera, zimapangidwa zonse mbande ndi mbande. Mbewu za nkhaka musanadzalemo zikhale zokonzeka, izi zidzakulitsa kumera. Kuti muchite izi, ziwathireni m'madzi ofunda, amchere, pakapita kanthawi pamwamba pake padzakhala mbewu zochepa.
Mukasankha mbewu zonse, zikanizirani ndi kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Pochita izi, konzekerani yankho lokhala ndi supuni 2 za phulusa ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre, kulowetsani masiku awiri ndikugwiritsira ntchito zokolola kwa maola 2-3 mmenemo, kuchotsani ndi kuuma. Njira yomaliza yokonzekera ndi kuuma kwa mbeu, chifukwa chaichi, kuika mbewuzo patsogolo ndikusungunuka pa shelefu pamwamba pake.
Nkhaka yobzala pamalo otseguka
Odzidzidzidwa amatsenga kuti akudzala nkhaka ndi kuwasamalira pamalo otseguka bwino omwe amachitika bwino mmera. Izi zidzatsogolera kuoneka kwa chipatso milungu iwiri isanakhale pamene mutabzala mbewuyi ndi mbewu. Mbande ya nkhaka yabzalidwa poyera pansi zaka khumi za May, ndi zabwino, ngati mitundu ingapo ikukula pambali pake, izi zidzathandiza kuti pollinating ikhale ndi mphamvu ndi kuonjezera zokolola. Nkhaka zalimidwa m'nthaka ndi mbewu m'masiku otsiriza a Meyi kapena masiku oyambirira a June, nthaka ikawotchedwa kuti 15-18 ° C.
Kubzala nkhaka mu nthaka ndi mbewu
Kubzala mbewu za nkhaka mu nthaka zimapangidwa zonse zowuma ndikuphuka. Ngati kufesa kumayambiriro, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito nyemba zouma, chifukwa zimamera, zidagwa mu nthaka yaying'ono, zowola, zimabzalidwa bwino pamene nthaka imakhala yotsika mpaka 12-14 ° C. Kuti mukwaniritse zokolola zambiri, kufesa mbewu pamalo otseguka, mungathandize zothandiza pang'ono:
- sankhani mbewu zonse za zaka ziwiri, zitatu zapitazo;
- Sungani mbewu;
- gwiritsani ntchito njira yoberekera mbeu;
- Gwiritsani ntchito nyembazo phulusa kapena kugula biostimulator ;
- kukwiya mbewu.
Pambuyo pokonzekera kukonzekera mbewu ndi nthaka, pitirizani kubzala. Bzalani mbeu kapena muzolowera mopitirira masentimita 2-3, kapena ming'oma yomwe ili pamtunda wa 18-20 masentimita, ziwiri kapena zitatu mu mawonekedwe a katatu. Pamwamba pa nthaka mukhoza kuwaza pansi tsabola wakuda, kubwezeretsa nyerere, slugs ndi mbewa. Kuchokera pamwamba pa kama mungathe kukoka chophimba, osati nsalu, makamaka m'magawo awiri.
Nkhaka - kubzala mbande
Sungani nyemba zowonongeka kale pa mbande, chitani mitsuko yosiyana, choncho zomera zimasuntha kuziyika mosavuta. Pochita izi, konzekerani chisakanizocho mutengere gawo lofanana, peat, humus ndi utuchi, tungani zitsulo ndikubzala mbeu ziwiri kapena zitatu. Magalasi amaphimba ndi polyethylene, isanayambe, madzi ali ndi madzi otentha, kutentha kwapakati, ndi mawonekedwe ake - amachotsa zofooka.
Kuwombera mbewu kumalowera kumatsime ndi kompositi kapena manyowa adayambikapo patsogolo, mu khumi khumi kapena khumi oyambirira a mwezi wa May. Muzuke mizu m'munsi mwa zitsime, ngati mmera uli wochulukirapo, umakhala wotsika. Masiku oyambirira mutabzala, zomera ziyenera kuthiriridwa ndi pritenyat. Kusamalira mbande za nkhaka ndikukwaniritsa zofunika zingapo zofunika:
- kuthirira nthawi zonse, makamaka kutentha, maluwa ndi maonekedwe a zipatso;
- mapangidwe a zomera;
- kupalira;
- nthawi yake ndi nthawi zonse kumasula nthaka.
Kubzala nkhaka - mawu
Kukula nkhaka pa malo, kubzala ndi kusamalira pamalo otseguka, izi zamasamba zimapangidwa malinga ndi zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimafuna nyengo, njira zolima. Mfundo yaikulu yobzala nkhaka pansi, mbewu kapena mbande, ndi nyengo yozizira komanso nthaka yofunda bwino, nthawi ya chochitika ichi ndi yosiyana, izi zimakhudza malo a dera. Ngati pasanathe sabata usiku kutentha sikudakhala pansi + 10-15 ° C, ndipo maluwa ambirimbiri amamveka, ndiye nkhaka ingabzalidwe pansi.
Nkhaka - kukula ndi kusamalira poyera pansi
Pamene mukulima nkhaka, ziyenera kunyalidwa m'maganizo kuti pa malo osankhidwa a izi, pamaso pawo sayenera kukula mavwende ndi chikhalidwe cha cucurbitaceous. Musanadzalemo nkhaka, dothi liyenera kukonzekera pasadakhale, kupanga mchere ndi feteleza. Komanso, ziyenera kuganizidwa momwe mungabzalitsire izi zamasamba: mmera kapena osasunthika, ndikukonzekera.
Kubzala nkhaka, kukula ndi kusamalira iwo panja, kumakhala ndi njira zofunikira zamagrotechnical ndi ntchito, zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri:
- Kusankha malo odzala ndi nthaka yowonongeka, yotulutsa chonde, yosunga chinyezi, yotetezedwa bwino, yotetezedwa ku mphepo;
- Kuphimba mabedi mutabzala kuchokera ku kuwala kwa dzuwa;
- pasynkovanie ndi pinches;
- nthawi zonse feteleza pogwiritsa ntchito organic ndi mineral feteleza;
- pamaso pa nthawi ya fruiting, kuvomerezedwa weeding, kumasula ndi podkuchchevaniya;
- garter;
- ulimi wothirira (makamaka nthawi ya kukula).
Kusamalira nkhaka mutabzala
Kusamalira nkhaka kumalo otseguka mwamsanga mutabzala, poyamba, kusintha moyenera ulimi wothirira. Nkhaka sizilekerera chilala, koma samakonda chinyezi chochuluka. Kutentha, muyenera kuthirira nkhaka maulendo asanu pa sabata, ndi madzi ofunda, mitambo mungathe popanda kuthirira. Onetsetsani zitsulo zomwe zikuwonekera, chotsani zowonjezera kuti asatengere chakudya chofunikira chomera.
Kuwonekera maluwa oyambirira pa osakonzeka ku chipatso chomera, ndi bwino kuchotsa, komanso kuphulika, kuchokera ku sinus ya masamba oyambirira ndi mphukira zowonjezera, kukula pamodzi ndi ovary. Ndikofunika kubzala feteleza ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mizu yokuvala nthawi zonse mutabzala, koma izi sizingatheke, chifukwa izi zidzathetsa fruiting.
Kusamalira mbande ya nkhaka poyera pansi
Kudzala ndi kusamala kumaloka a nkhaka ndikuganiza nthawi zonse kuyang'anitsitsa mkhalidwe wawo ndi chinyezi cha nthaka. Mukawona kuti masambawo ali ouma, onetsetsani kuti mumathira madzi ofunda madzulo. Kuphuka kwakukulu kumafunika kwenikweni kukhala udzu, chitani izi mu magawo awiri kapena atatu, pang'onopang'ono kuchotsa zomera zofooka. Pamene akupatulira, nthawi yomweyo amameta namsongole, ndikuchita mosamala kwambiri, kuti asawononge mizu.
Ndibwino kuti mukukula nkhaka zamtundu mitundu, ali ndi zokolola zambiri, kukula msinkhu, kuwonjezeka kukana matenda. Zimakhala zosavuta kusamalira nkhaka zakuda, sizing'onozing'ono zokha, sizikusowa zolembera zamagetsi, munthu ayenera kutsatira malamulo ena okha:
- Njira zothirira, pakagwa mvula, zimachitika kawiri pa tsiku;
- Nkhaka za chitsamba mitundu mwamphamvu zimadya zakudya, zimayenera kudyetsa mwadongosolo;
- Mukamafesa mbewu, ayenera kutsekedwa ndi filimu yotetezera, mphukira pansi pake idzakhala yabwino.
Nkhaka kusamalira malamulo - kuthirira
Mizu ya nkhaka ya kukula bwino ndi chitukuko chabwino imayenera kuthirira nthawi zonse, kusakwanira koyambitsa kumayambitsa mdima wa masamba, zomera zimagwera muvuto labwino. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumalepheretsa chitukuko cha lashes, chimatengera oksijeni m'nthaka. Kudumpha mu kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumayipitsa chikhalidwe cha masamba, chifukwa cha iwo, kukwiya kumachitika mu zipatso.
Kusamalira nkhaka makamaka kuthirira ndi kofunikira pa nthawi yogwira kukula ndi zipatso. Madzi kuti agwiritse ntchito mofunda, kutunga madzi ozizira amachititsa kuchepetsa kukula ndi kuoneka kwa matenda. Imodzi mwa njira zogwira mtima komanso zamakono zimatha kutchedwa kuthirira mowa, komanso kuyambitsidwa kwake, chinyezi chimagwera mwachindunji mu mizu, izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa kumwa madzi ndikuletsa kukula kwa namsongole.
Kukula kwa nkhaka mbande - zina feteleza
Chofunika kwambiri ndi kudyetsa nkhaka kumayambiriro kwa maluwa ndi ovary zipatso. Chisamaliro ndi kukwera pamwamba kwa nkhaka kumunda kumathandiza kwambiri pogwiritsira ntchito infusions mullein kapena zitsamba, zimapereka chakudya cha zomera ndi kuteteza powdery mildew . Iwo akhoza kupangidwa masiku 10-14, limodzi ndi kuvomerezedwa kuthirira. Zinthu zina zomwe zimapezeka ndi mchere, zimatulutsa nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu kunthaka. Izi ziyenera kuchitika mu nyengo yozizira, kuzizira - kudyetsa kudzakhala kopanda phindu.
Kusamalira nkhaka - kupukuta
Choyamba, muyenera kupanga zikwapu ndikuzimangiriza ku trellis. Kusinthanitsa nkhaka kumachepetsedwa kukhala woyenera kusamalira phesi lalikulu. Kusamalira nkhaka yoyenera, munthu ayenera kutsitsa mphukira yamwamuna kapena "maluwa". Chochitikachi chidzapereka nkhaka:
- mapangidwe a maluwa "azimayi" ndi ovoda omwe amatsatira;
- adzathetsa kukoma kowopsya kwa zipatso.
Kuphwanya tsinde lopangidwa kumapeto kwa trellis, limasiyidwa ndi mfundo 4-5, kuchotsa masamba atatu oyambirira pamodzi ndi ziphuphu - izi zimalimbikitsa chitukuko chazitsulo, zimakanikiza pa pepala lachitatu, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti maluwa aziwoneke. Ndikofunika kuchotsa nthunzi zamphongo kuchokera kumtambo waukulu, mbali yofooka yomwe imatuluka ndi kuyeretsa chomera ku masamba osokonekera ndi odwala.
Pasynkovanie nkhaka
Kuwonekera kwa wowonjezera kutentha kwa kukolola koyambirira, mbewu zimabzalidwa, ndiko kuti, zowonjezera zowonjezera zomwe zimachulukitsa zobiriwira zimachotsedwa. Pamene mukukula ndi kusamalira nkhaka kuthengo, makamaka ngati zikukula pa dothi lachonde, njirayi siyifunika, makamaka popanda chidziwitso ndi luso. Ngati mukufunabe kuonjezera chiwerengero cha mbeu, mutha kuchotsa ana opeza, kuchotsa zochulukirapo, kukoka chakudya komanso kusabala zipatso, mphukira imachotsedwa pambuyo pa masamba 4-5 oyambirira. Kusankha pa pasynkovaniya ayenera kutengedwa malinga ndi mtundu wa nkhaka.
Kukula nkhaka m'nthaka - matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Pa kulima nkhaka ndi kuwasamalira, ndikofunika kuti muzindikire matendawa nthawi ndi kuchotsa tizirombo. Matenda ambiri a nkhaka, omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri kusiyana pakati pa usana ndi usiku, kutentha kapena kusowa kwa chinyezi, ndi:
- imvi zowola;
- powdery mildew;
- zovunda zoyera;
- mizu zowola;
- zojambula;
- maolivi otayika.
Matenda ambiri akhoza kutetezedwa ngati chisamaliro cha zomera chomwe chilimbikitsidwa ndi olima ndiwo zamasamba chikuchitika. Polimbana nawo, zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zosiyana ndi matenda ena onse. Maonekedwe a tizilombo monga kangaude, tizilombo tophid, whitefly ndi zotsatira za bungwe la agrotechnical. Matenda ndi tizilombo tomwe sitimadza ndi chisamaliro chosamalitsa ndi chisamaliro.