Kawirikawiri chikhumbo chokhala ndi mgwirizano chimasanduka mavuto aakulu. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti nthawi zambiri amayesera kulemera kwambiri, omwe safunikira makamaka awa: Odzidzimutsa okha payekha amawoneka ngati atsikana ndi amayi omwe ali ndi kulemera kwabwino, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda otchedwa "anorexia".
Kodi anorexia ndi chiyani?
Kukhumudwa, kukwaniritsa chilakolako chakufuna kuchepetsa thupi kumapangitsa kuti mayi athetse chilakolako cha chakudya, pang'onopang'ono amachepetsa chakudya, ndiyeno amasiya, ndipo kufunika kwa phwando lake kumayambitsa kunyansa, kunyoza ndi kusanza. Ngakhale kachigawo kakang'ono ka chakudya kumawoneka ngati kudya kwambiri. Zonsezi ndi matenda a anorexia, omwe amachititsa matenda osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi kusokonezeka kwa kayendetsedwe ka machitidwe a thupi ndi matenda a m'maganizo.
Kodi anorexia amayamba bwanji?
Monga lamulo, palibe zifukwa zomveka zolepheretsa kulemera kwa amayi, omwe amadwala matendawa. Ambiri mwa atsikana ndi atsikana ndi atsikana omwe salemedwa ndi mapaundi owonjezera, koma amakhulupirira kuti ayenera kulemera. Kawirikawiri achibale, abwenzi, okondedwa amalankhula za izo. Mfundo yaikulu pokambirana nawo: "Ndili ndi mafuta."
Pang'onopang'ono, chilakolako chofuna kulemera chimasanduka manicheni, ndipo izi zimakhala zopanda nzeru, ngakhale pamene odwala ali ndi anorexia amadziyang'ana okha pagalasi. Kumeneku amasiya kuona thupi, lokhala ndi mafupa, olumala ndi khungu, nkhope ya munthu wanjala. Matendawa amayamba kukula ndikusintha kuchokera pa siteji kupita patsogolo, kukulitsa chikhalidwe cha wodwalayo.
Miyeso ya anorexia
Anorexia ndi matenda owopsa omwe angayende osati kuwonongeka kwa thanzi, komanso imfa. Matendawa akhoza kukhala ndi chizoloŵezi chochepa: chitukuko cha matendawa chimachitika pang'onopang'ono, ndipo wodwalayo, ngati palibe njira zothandizira kuchipatala, pang'onopang'ono "zimatha" popanda kuzindikira. Pa nthawi yomweyi ali ndi chidaliro chonse kuti muyenera kupitirizabe kulemera.
- Pa gawo loyambirira, munthu amayamba kuganiza kuti ali ndi zochuluka kwambiri, chifukwa chake adanyozedwa ndi kunyozedwa, zomwe zimayambitsa kupanikizika kwakukulu. Amakhala ndi nkhawa nthawi zonse pa nkhani ya kulemera kwake, kolemetsa ndipo zotsatira zake zimamuthandiza kwambiri - izi ndizo zizindikiro zoyambirira zomwe zimasonyeza kuti anorexia imayamba kukula. Gawo 1 la matendawa ndi lochiritsidwa, choncho nkofunika kuti musaphonye.
- Pomwe pakubwera gawo lachiwiri, matenda a anorexia amadziwika ndi mtima wodwalayo kuti achepetse kulemera kwake: kupweteka kumachoka, koma pali kutsimikiza kwamphamvu kuti wodwalayo ali ndi kulemera kwakukulu, komwe kumayenera kuchotsedwa. Kuyeza kumakhala njira ya tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi kuchepetsa kulemera kwake kumachepa.
- Ngati wodwalayo sakusowa chakudya, amatsutsa chakudya, amayamba kutsutsa, amatha kunena kuti gawo lachitatu lafika: anorexia amachititsa kulemera kwa 50%. Koma izi siziletsa odwala: amapitiriza kunena kuti kulemera kwawo kumakhalabe kwakukulu. Kulankhula za chakudya tsopano kumangokhumudwitsa, ndipo iwo eni amanena kuti akumva bwino.
Anorexia - zomwe zimayambitsa
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a anorexia sizing'ono, monga zimawonekera poyamba, chifukwa mbiri ya matendawa ndi yosiyana kwa onse. Ndicho chifukwa chake akatswiri osiyanasiyana amadziwitsa zifukwa zomwe zimachitika mwa njira yawo. Anthu ena amaganiza kuti vuto limene linachitika m'thupi la thupi ndilo chifukwa cha chirichonse, molingana ndi ena, matendawa akuwonekera motsutsana ndi vuto la nkhawa ndi kupsinjika maganizo . Komabe, kufufuza mosamala za chikhalidwe cha matendawa kumapangitsa kusiyanitsa zifukwa zotsatirazi za matenda a anorexia:
- chikhumbo chotsanzira "podium models", powalingalira iwo chitsanzo cha kukongola;
- kusakhala ndi udindo wofunikira, kupangika kokwanira kwa munthuyo;
- kusokonezeka nthawi zambiri ndi zovuta, mikangano ndi achibale ndi anzanga, osati kudandaula;
- matenda aakulu a tsamba la m'mimba;
- kuthana ndi kumwa mankhwala;
- uchidakwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Zizindikiro za anorexia
Mfundo yakuti matendawa amayamba kuwononga kwake ingakhale chizindikiro cha zizindikiro zoyamba za anorexia:
- kuyankhula nthawi zonse za kufunika kochepera;
- kukana mankhwala apamwamba;
- ena amakhala ndi njala;
- zida zowononga mobwerezabwereza.
Ngati panthawi ino, chithandizo, kuphatikizapo maganizo, sichipezeka, posachedwa zizindikiro za gawo lachiwiri la matenda zikuwonekera:
- Chakudya cha chakudya chili pang'onopang'ono, koma kuchuluka kwa madzi kumwedzere kumawonjezeka;
- Kuchokera pa chakudya chodyedwa nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosakakamizika, kumayambitsa kusanza;
- Kupititsa patsogolo kulemera kwa thupi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri;
- amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala ophera mankhwala.
Pa siteji yachitatu, kusintha kumachitika komwe kumawonekeranso maso:
- khungu limakhala lochepetseka, lofiira ndi losalala;
- Minofu ya mitsempha imachepetsedwa, ndipo mafuta omwe amalowa amatha kutayika;
- Mitsempha ya mafupa imapezeka kudzera mu khungu lochepa;
- ponda mano;
- Tsitsi ndi misomali zimakhala zokongola komanso zopanda pake.
Pali kuphwanya pa ntchito za ziwalo za mkati: pali dontho la magazi ndi kutentha kwa thupi, kuthamanga kuli kovuta kwambiri. Mwinamwake chitukuko cha gastritis ndi flaccidity ya m'matumbo, pali kuchepa kwa minofu ya mtima. Pali kufooka kwowonjezera ndi kutopa, kusafuna kuphunzira kapena kugwira ntchito.
Zizindikiro za anorexia mwa atsikana
Malinga ndi akatswiri, atsikana, matendawa akhoza kudzizindikiritsa okha asanatuluke zizindikiro. Panthawi yomweyi, nthawi zambiri samamvetsera, kulemba zifukwa zosiyanasiyana za thanzi labwino: thanzi la thupi ndi maganizo, mikangano ya m'banja, mavuto kuntchito, osadziŵa kuti zimasonyeza zizindikiro zake za anorexia ndikudziwonetsera motere:
- chisokonezo;
- mawonetseredwe a chisokonezo chosakhudzidwa;
- chiwongolero chopangitsa mikangano;
- kukwiyitsa ndi akulu omwe ali olemera kwambiri.
Mitundu ya anorexia
Ngati psychology ya anorexia imadziwika, ndiye pali njira zotheka kuthetsera izo mnthawi yake, ndipo chifukwa chakuti matendawa ali ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zochitika, mitundu yambiri ya mitunduyo imasiyanasiyana:
- malingaliro, omwe amawoneka ndi vuto lalikulu la mantha ndi maganizo, zomwe zimawathandiza kuthetsa chilakolako chofuna kudya komanso chifukwa cha kutenga mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kumwa mowa;
- zizindikiro, zomwe ndi chizindikiro cha kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa thupi limodzi kapena machitidwe ena;
- mantha, kapena maganizo, amachititsa, monga maganizo, ndi nkhawa, ndipo amadziwika ndi kukana chakudya ndi kusakhutira ndi thupi lako;
- mankhwala, zomwe zinali zotsatira za kupitirira kudya kwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana.
Primary Anorexia
Malingana ndi akatswiri, magwero a anorexia amabisika ali mwana ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhudzana ndi kuphwanya zakudya za mwana. Ngati adatenga chakudya panthawi zosiyana, anali wochulukitsidwa kapena ankagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zopanda phindu kapena zakudya zopanda mphamvu, okakamizika kudya mwachiwawa, muunyamata maziko a matendawa adayikidwa. Gawo loyamba ndilo kukhazikitsa maziko a matendawa, omwe adzamvekedwe ndi anthu akuluakulu odwala matenda a anorexia.
Anorexia nervosa
Ngati zizindikiro zoyambirira zikhoza kuoneka monga belu yoyamba za kuyamba kwa matendawa, ndiye kuti chilakolako cha thupi, choipa chochepetsera kulemera kulikonse chimawonedwa ngati chiyambi cha matenda a maganizo. Mtundu uwu wa anorexia ndi owopsa kwambiri m'zaka zaunyamata, koma ngati ntchito yanthaŵi yake imatengedwa kuti ikonze khalidwe, chiwombolo chimatha. Ndi matenda a anorexia, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti vutoli ndi lalikulu:
- chikhumbo chochotseratu chakudya chodyedwa ndi kusanza ndi kudzoza kwa matumbo;
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kulemera kwa thupi;
- kulandila mankhwala owononga mafuta ndi diuretic.
Anorexia Psychogenic
Matendawa ali ofanana ndi anorexia nervosa, komabe amachititsa, monga lamulo, ndi vuto lalikulu la maganizo ndipo limaphatikizidwa ndi zipsinjo, chiyeso ndi kusokonezeka kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe kathu ka thupi ndi matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha matenda a mitsempha. Matenda a anorexia amayamba ngati kuyankhidwa ndi vuto lalikulu la maganizo, osati chifukwa cha kukana kwa chakudya, koma komanso pakuwoneka kosavomerezeka kwa maganizo.
Mankhwala a anorexia
Anorexia kumwa mankhwala amatha kupezeka ngati akumwa mankhwala ena omwe sali okhudzana ndi zizindikiro zawo zolemera, kapena amatengedwa kuti awonongeke. Pofuna kusokoneza matendawa, m'pofunika kudziŵa mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti munthu azidwala matenda a anorexia. Zina mwazo: mankhwala olepheretsa kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala, ma diuretics, laxatives, mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti munthu asamakhale ndi chakudya chochepa.
Anorexia - mankhwala ndi zotsatira
Sikovuta kuchiza matenda a anorexia, chifukwa amachokera ku mavuto ambiri a maganizo. Vuto lalikulu silidzakhalanso chithandizo, koma mwayi wokhoza kumuthandiza wodwala kufunikira kwake, ndipo uwu ndi ntchito yamagulu. Ngati zithetsedwa, mothandizidwa ndi akatswiri a maganizo, asayansi, amwino ndi odwala, matendawa akhoza kugonjetsedwa, koma njirayi idzakhala yaitali.
Pazochitika zonse, padzakhala maphikidwe a momwe angachiritse matenda a anorexia. Zotsatira za anorexia zingakhale zoopsa kwambiri, matendawa amapha munthu mwapang'onopang'ono, komanso mthupi: zida zoteteza thupi zimawonongeka, mphamvu zawo zowonjezera zimafalikira, psyche imadutsa mu dera lachisanu ndi mdima ndipo imfa ya wodwala imakhala zotsatira za chilengedwe.